RESUMO A partir das práticas discursivas da linha editorial do Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional (Iphan), especificamente do Boletim Sphan/Pró-Memória e da Revista do Patrimônio, este trabalho analisa a narrativa construída em torno do tombamento do Terreiro da Casa Branca, em Salvador (BA). A abordagem de questões relativas ao tombamento, aliada a diferentes estratégias discursivas adotadas pelos autores que discorrem sobre o processo, associam o Terreiro da Casa Branca à expansão patrimonial das políticas preservacionistas do Iphan na década de 1980. Outras experiências do órgão, como o tombamento da Serra da Barriga (AL), não são tidas, contudo, como parte dessa expansão, sendo eclipsadas ou ainda tomadas como sinônimos do tombamento da Casa Branca. Isso ocorre, dentre outras razões, devido à compreensão do que seria o patrimônio cultural naquele momento. Analisar esse processo ajuda a esclarecer como um determinado contexto sociocultural é restringido dentro da linha editorial do Iphan em favor de uma única experiência, e como isso impede que ocorram avanços na valoração de demais patrimônios afro-brasileiros por esse setor do órgão.

ABSTRACT Based on the discursive practices used by the National Historic and Artistic Heritage Institute’s (Iphan) editorial, specifically on the publications Boletim Sphan/Pró-Memória and Revista do Patrimônio, this paper analyzes the narrative built around the heritage protection process of the candomblé Terreiro da Casa Branca, located in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. Debates regarding this protection process, allied to different discursive strategies employed by authors, associate this process with the expansion of Iphan’s heritage protection policies in the 1980s. Other experiences within Iphan, such as the listing of Serra da Barriga, located in the state of Alagoas, are not considered part of such expansion, being overshadowed or understood as synonym of the Terreiro’s case. This is due, among other reasons, to the understanding of what a cultural heritage was at that time. Analyzing this process contributes to elucidate how a certain social and cultural context is restricted within Iphan’s editorial line in favor of a single experience, and this prevents advancements in the valorization of Afro-Brazilian heritage.

Abstract Introduction Irritability has both mood and behavioral manifestations. These frequently co-occur, and it is unclear to what extent they are dissociable domains. We used confirmatory factor analysis and external validators to investigate the independence of mood and behavioral components of irritability. Methods The sample comprised 246 patients (mean age 45 years; 63% female) from four outpatient programs (depression, anxiety, bipolar, and schizophrenia) at a tertiary hospital. A clinical instrument rated by trained clinicians was specifically designed to capture irritable mood and disruptive behavior dimensionally, as well as current categorical diagnoses i.e., intermittent explosive disorder (IED); oppositional defiant disorder (ODD); and an adaptation to diagnose disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD) in adults. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to test the best fitting irritability models and regression analyses were used to investigate associations with external validators. Results Irritable mood and disruptive behavior were both frequent, but diagnoses of disruptive syndromes were rare (IED, 8%; ODD, 2%; DMDD, 2%). A correlated model with two dimensions, and a bifactor model with one general dimension and two specific dimensions (mood and behavior) both had good fit indices. The correlated model had root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.077, with 90% confidence interval (90%CI) = 0.071-0.083; comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.99; and Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) = 0.99, while the bifactor model had RMSEA = 0.041; CFI = 0.99; and TLI = 0.99 respectively). In the bifactor model, external validity for differentiation of the mood and behavioral components of irritability was also supported by associations between irritable mood and impairment and clinical measures of depression and mania, which were not associated with disruptive behavior. Conclusions Psychometric and external validity data suggest both overlapping and specific features of the mood vs. disruptive behavior dimensions of irritability.

Objective: To evaluate whether an animal model of mania induced by lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX) has an inflammatory profile and whether immune activation by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) has a cumulative effect on subsequent stimuli in this model. We also evaluated the action of lithium (Li) on inflammatory and neurotrophic factors. Methods: Adult male Wistar rats were subjected to an animal model of mania. After the open-field test, they were given LPS to induce systemic immune activation. Subsequently, the animals’ blood was collected, and their serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and inflammatory markers (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α, interleukin [IL]-6, IL-1β, IL-10, and inducible nitric oxide synthase [iNOS]) were measured. Results: LDX induced hyperactivity in the animals, but no inflammatory marker levels increased except brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Li had no effect on serum BDNF levels but prevented iNOS levels from increasing in animals subjected to immune activation. Conclusion: Although Li prevented an LPS-induced increase in serum iNOS levels, its potential anti-inflammatory effects in this animal model of mania were conflicting.

Family history and traumatic experiences are factors linked to bipolar disorder. It is known that the lifetime risk of bipolar disorder in relatives of a bipolar proband are 5-10% for first degree relatives and 40-70% for monozygotic co-twins. It is also known that patients with early childhood trauma present earlier onset of bipolar disorder, increased number of manic episodes, and more suicide attempts. We have recently reported that childhood trauma partly mediates the effect of family history on bipolar disorder diagnosis. In light of these findings from the scientific literature, we reviewed the work of British writer Virginia Woolf, who allegedly suffered from bipolar disorder. Her disorder was strongly related to her family background. Moreover, Virginia Woolf was sexually molested by her half siblings for nine years. Her bipolar disorder symptoms presented a pernicious course, associated with hospitalizations, suicidal behavioral, and functional impairment. The concept of neuroprogression has been used to explain the clinical deterioration that takes places in a subgroup of bipolar disorder patients. The examination of Virgina Woolf’s biography and art can provide clinicians with important insights about the course of bipolar disorder.